AIDS, WHAT IS AIDS?
AIDS is abbreviation of Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome.viz.
Acquire-means acquired from sexual transmission .
Immune-immunity of a body
Deficiency- means loss
Syndrome -means group of symptoms. In short AIDS spread due to spread of HIV(Human Immune Deficiency Virus with semen, vaginal fluids and blood of HIV POSITIVE patient.
AIDS, EPIDEMOLOGY OF AIDS
AIDS was recognised as as clinical entity in 1981 and within the next few year important advances were made in the understanding of its epidemology. There are two types of HIV-The most common HIV 1 and a more recently recognised virus (in west Africa) called HIV 2.The virus replicates, it is actively dividing, remains in lymphoid cell in a latent state that can be activated. The virus has a unique ability to destroy human T4 helper cells, a subset of human T- lymphocytes.The virus able to spread throughout the body.
HIV, MODE OF TRANSMISSION
a) by sexual transmissionb) Blood contact
c) Maternal foetal transmission
HIV- INCUBATION PERIOD
while the natural history of HIV infection is not yet fully known.Current data suggest that the infection period s long (upto six year of more ) from HIV infection to the development of Aids.HIV -CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Clinical manifestation of HIV infection have been classified into four broad categories:
1)Initial infection with the virus and development of antibodies.2)Asymptomatic carrier state
3) AIDS -Related complex(ARC)
4)AIDS
Antibodies to HIV can usually be detected 2-8 weeks after initial infection. All who are infected or without symptoms can transmit the virus to others.
b) ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIER STATE OF HIV: Infected people have antibodies, but no overt sign of disease. Lab test may show a reduced no. of T-HELPER lymphatocytes. It is not clear how long the asymptomatic carrier state lasts.
A person with ARC has illness caused by damage to the immune system. But without the opportunistic infections and cancer associated C-AIDS, they exhibit one or more following clinical signs,chronic diarrhea for longer than one month, fatigue, malaise, loss of weight, fever, night sweat, generalised lymphadenopathy and who have decreased no.of T-helper lymphadenocytes are considered to have AIDS - Related Complex.
d)APPEARANCE OF AIDS:
Aids is ends of HIV infection. It is characterised by life threatening opportunistic infection.
AIDS, DIAGNOSIS OF AIDS
Clinical : the clinical case definition for adult AIDS envisages the existance of at least two major signs associated with at least one minor sign.1)weight loss (10 percent of body weight )
2)Chronic Diarrhoea for longer than one month
3)Prolonged fever for longer than 1 month ( intermittent or constant)
MINOR SIGN OF AIDS:
1)Persistant cough for 1 month
2)Generalised lymphadenopathy
3) Generalised pruritus and dermatitis
4) Recurrent herpes zoster
5) Oropharyngeal candidiasis
6) Repeated common infection
(Repeated common infection
(Otitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia)
AIDS TEST
1) ELISA2)WESTERN BLOT TEST(Usually a western blot test is a highly specific test it is based on detecting specific antibody to viral core protein (P-4) and envelop glygoprotein(GP41).
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